Anuvarsh Week 2
Contents
The Genetic Code
The Centra Dogma
In a nutshell, the central dogma of molecular biology is the transfer and use of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. This transfer of data happens in several processes which can be summarized in the graphic below:
This journal focuses on demonstrating the transcription and translation processes using the following segment of DNA as an example:
5’-cgtatgctaataccatgttccgcgtataacccagccgccagttccgctggcggcatttta-3’ 3'-gcatacgattatggtacaaggcgcatattgggtcggcggtcaaggcgaccgccgtaaaat-5'
Transcription
The process of transcription is used to transfer the genetic material in DNA to a functional copy called mRNA. Either strand of the DNA can be used to make RNA, but the RNA can only be created in the 5' to 3' direction. mRNA is created by using one of the strands of DNA as a template, and utilizing the base pairs of each base to create a complementary strand of genetic material. What differentiates transcription from replication (and mRNA from DNA) is that instead of thymine, adenine pairs to a base called uracil which is only found on RNA. After transcription, the following two strands of mRNA would be created:
5'-cguaugcuaauaccauguuccgcguauaacccagccgccaguuccgcuggcggcauuuua-3'
5'-uaaaaugccgccagcggaacuggcggcuggguuauacgcggaacaugguauuagcauacg-3'
Translation
Once the mRNAs have been created, the cell is now prepared to translate genetic material into a protein. Because the mRNA is translated into protein using codons made up of 3 amino acids, there are a total of 6 possible reading frames for protein production from the two strands of mRNA created from the initial segment if DNA. Below are each of the 6 possible proteins that could be created by the 6 different reading frames.
+1
R-M-L-I-P-C-S-A-Y-N-P-A-A-S-S-A-G-G-I-L
This reading frame does not contain a stop codon.
+2
V-C-stop-Y-H-V-P-R-I-T-Q-P-P-V-P-L-A-A-F
+3
Y-A-N-T-M-F-R-V-stop-P-S-R-Q-F-R-W-R-H-F
-1
stop-N-A-A-S-G-T-G-G-W-V-I-R-G-T-W-Y-stop-H-T
-2
K-M-P-P-A-E-L-A-A-G-L-Y-A-E-H-G-I-S-I
This reading frame does not contain a stop codon.
-3
K-C-R-Q-R-N-W-R-L-G-Y-T-R-N-M-V-L-A-Y
This reading frame does not contain a stop codon.
Other Links
User Page: Anindita Varshneya
Class Page: BIOL/CMSI 367: Biological Databases, Fall 2015
Group Page: GÉNialOMICS
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